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Pronoun reference āĻāϰ āϏāĻšāϜ āύি⧟āĻŽ



Pronoun reference: Pro āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āφāϰ Noun āĻŽাāύে āĻšāϞ āĻŦা āύাāĻŽ । āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž, āϝে word āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻ•ে Pronoun āĻŦāϞে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Sumon is a good student.
He goes to school everyday.
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻĻুāϟিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϟিāϤে subject āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে Sumon āĻŦāϏেāĻ›ে, āϝেāϟা Noun. āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ Sentence āĻ Sumon āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে He āĻŦāϏেāĻ›ে । āĻāĻ–াāύে He āĻšāϞ Pronoun.

Pronoun āĻ•ে āφāϟ (ā§Ļā§Ž) āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟।
⇨1.Personal Pronoun
⇨2.Interrogative Pronoun
⇨3.Indefinite Pronoun
⇨4.Distributive Pronoun
⇨5.Demonstrative Pronoun
⇨6.Relative Pronoun
⇨7.Reciprocal Pronoun
⇨8.Reflexive Pronoun




✔1. Personal Pronoun:
āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āϝে Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤাāĻ•ে Personal Pronoun āĻŦāϞে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ- Mim is a bright student.
Alif goes to college regularly.
Tarek is a university student.
Enaf likes to read poems.
The dog is barking.
It is very ferocious.
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ sentence āĻ—ুāϞিāϤে He, She, It āĻāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•ে āĻšāϞ Personal pronoun.āϝাāϰা āϝāĻĨাāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে Rana, Soma, āĻāĻŦং The dog āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰিāϤ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে।
Personal pronoun āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ form āϝāĻĨা subjective form, objective form, possessive form āύিāϚে āĻĻে⧟া āĻšāϞ ।
subject=object=poss
I-me-my
He-him-his
She-her-hers
You-you-your
We-us-our
They-them-their

Rules-1➤ āĻ•োāύ āϜ⧜ āĻĒāĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦা āϧাāϰāύাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে it āĻŦāϏে ।
Example: Here is your pen; take it.

Rules-2➤āĻĒুāϰুāώ āĻŦা āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āύা āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে it āĻŦāϏে ।
Example: This is a dog. it is faithful animal.

Rules-3➤āĻ›োāϟ āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে it āĻŦāϏে ।
Example: I have a child. It is fine.

Rules-4➤āĻĒূāĻŦে āωāϞ্āϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে it āĻŦāϏে ।
Example: Kabir Hossain told a story and he knew it goodly.

Rules-5➤āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻ•ে āϜোāϰ āĻĻি⧟ে āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻŦা āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ it āĻŦāϏে ।
Example:It is Shawan who is brother.

Rules-6➤ Impersonal verb āĻāϰ subject āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে it āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ।
Example:It is raining.

Ruse-7➤ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦা āφāĻŦāĻšাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে it āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ।
Example: It is 5 o'clock
It is winter season.

Rules-8➤Verb 'to be' āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে real subject āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে Provisional subject āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে it āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ।
Example: It is easy to go there.

✔2. Interrogative Pronoun
āϝে Pronoun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻŦোāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Interrogative Pronoun āĻŦāϞে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ-
What is your name?
Who is he?
Which do you want?
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ ā§Š āϟি sentence āĻ what, who which āĻšāϞ Interrogative Pronoun .
Sentence āĻāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে Who, Which, What āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻ•োāύ noun āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏেāϟা Interrogative Pronoun āĻšāĻŦে, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু Who, Which, What āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϝāĻĻি āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤাāĻšāϞে āϏেāϟা Interrogative adjective āĻšāĻŦে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ-
What class do you read in ?
Which book does he want?
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ ⧍ āϟি sentence āĻ what, which āĻšāϞ Interrogative adjective. āĻ•াāϰāύ what āĻāĻŦং which āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ ⧍ āϟি noun āϝāĻĨাāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে class āĻāĻŦং book āφāĻ›ে । āϝেāĻšেāϤু noun āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻŦāϏāϞে āϏেāϟা adjective āϧāϰা āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤাāχ āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ sentence āĻĻুāϟিāϤে what āĻāĻŦং which āĻšāϞ Interrogative adjective.

Rules-9➤ Person āĻŦা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦোāĻাāϤে Who=āĻ•ে āĻŦা āĻ•াāϰা.Whom= āĻ•াāĻ•ে Whose= āĻ•াāϰ āĻŦা āĻ•াāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।
Example:Who are you?Whose is this pen?

✔3. Demonstrative Pronoun.
‘Demonstrative’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ• । āϝে Pronoun āĻ•োāύ noun āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Demonstrative Pronoun āĻŦāϞে । This, These, That, Those, Such āĻšāϞ Demonstrative Pronoun
This is our college.
(This āĻšāϞ Demonstrative Pronoun ,āĻ•াāϰāύ āϏেāϟা college āĻāχ noun āϟাāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে । )
These are my books.
(These āĻšāϞ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻ•াāϰāύ āϏেāϟা books āĻāχ noun āĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে । )
That is your laptop.
(That āĻšāϞ Demonstrative Pronoun ,āĻ•াāϰāύ āϏেāϟা laptop āĻāχ noun āϟাāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে )
Those are your cloths.
(Those āĻšāϞ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻ•াāϰāύ āϏেāϟা cloths āĻāχ noun āĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে )
He made a mistake. Such was not his intention.
(Such āĻšāϞ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻ•াāϰāύ āϏেāϟা mistake āĻāχ noun āϟাāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে )

āϤāĻŦে………
This, These, That, Those, Such āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϝāĻĻি āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤাāĻšāϞে āϏেāϟা Demonstrative Pronoun āύা āĻšā§Ÿে Demonstrative adjective āĻšāĻŦে।
āϝেāĻŽāύ—
This book is mine.
( āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻ This āĻšāϞ Demonstrative adjective, āĻ•াāϰāύ This āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ book āĻāĻ•āϟা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύি āϝে noun āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏেāϟা adjective āĻšā§Ÿ )
These books are costly.
( āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻ These āĻšāϞ Demonstrative adjective, āĻ•াāϰāύ These āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ books āĻšāϞ Noun. āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύি āϝে noun āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏেāϟা adjective āĻšā§Ÿ )
That Car was white.
( āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻ That āĻšāϞ Demonstrative adjective, āĻ•াāϰāύ That āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ Car āĻāĻ•āϟা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύি āϝে noun āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏেāϟা adjective āĻšā§Ÿ )
Those pens were not good.
( āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻ Those āĻšāϞ Demonstrative adjective, āĻ•াāϰāύ Those āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ pens āĻāĻ•āϟা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύি āϝে noun āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏেāϟা adjective āĻšā§Ÿ )
Such Behavior is not praiseworthy to any one.
( āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻ Such āĻšāϞ Demonstrative adjective, āĻ•াāϰāύ SuchāĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ behavior āĻŦা āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟা āĻāĻ•āϟা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύি āϝে noun āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏেāϟা adjective āĻšā§Ÿ )
āφāĻŦাāϰ …..

āĻāĻ•āχ Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒুāύāϰাāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āĻā§œাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ singular noun āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে that āĻāĻŦং plural noun āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে those āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ-
The roads of Dhaka are better than Rajshahi
āϊāĻĒāϰেāϰ sentence āϟিāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞ “ āĻĸাāĻ•াāϰ āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϘাāϟ āϰাāϜāĻļাāĻšীāϰ āϚে⧟ে āĻ­াāϞ ।
āϏāϤ্āϝি āĻ•ি āϤাāχ, āύাāĻ•ি āĻŦāϞা āωāϚিāϤ āĻ›িāϞ āϝে “āĻĸাāĻ•াāϰ āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϘাāϟ āϰাāϜāĻļাāĻšীāϰ āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϘাāϟেāϰ āϚে⧟ে āĻ­াāϞ”
āϤাāĻšāϞে Sentence āϟি āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে āϞিāĻ–āϤে āĻšāϤ,
āϝāĻĨা- “The roads of Dhaka are better than the roads of Rajshahi”.
āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦাāϰ āĻŦাāϰ āĻāĻ•āχ Noun āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž roads āĻāχ noun āϟাāϰ āĻĒুāύāϰাāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āĻā§œাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ( roads) āĻāχ plural noun āϟাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে those āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϟিāĻ•ে āύিāϚেāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āϰে āϞিāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে।
“ The roads of Dhaka are better than those of Rajshahi”.

āφāϰāĻ“ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•āϰি…….
Incorrect: The weather of Khulna is better than Dhaka.
The weather of Khulna is better than those of Dhaka.
Correct: The weather of Khulna is better than that of Dhaka.
(āϝেāĻšেāϤু weather āĻšāϞ singular, āϤাāχ those āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰে that āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে)

Incorrect: The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than Rajshahi.
The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than that of Rajshahi.
Correct: The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than those of Rajshahi.
(āϝেāĻšেāϤু buildings āĻšāϞ plural, āϤাāχ that āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰে those āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে)

Incorrect: The people of Japan are more industrious than Bangladesh.
The people of Japan are more industrious than that of Bangladesh.
Correct: The people of Japan are more industrious than those of Bangladesh.
(āϝেāĻšেāϤু people āĻšāϞ plural, āϤাāχ that āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰে those āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে)

Rules-10➤āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāώ⧟āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻŦা āχāĻļাāϰা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦোāĻাāϤে Demonstrative pronoun(this, that,these,those āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ।
Example:This is a book. That is my pen.

✔4.Reflexive Pronoun.
Reflexive pronoun āĻšāϞ objective form āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰিāϤ āĻ•োāύ Pronoun।
āϝাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে Subject āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে Subject āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāϞে āϏেāϟা Subject āĻāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•েāχ āĻĢিāϰে āϝা⧟ ।
himself, herself, myself, yourself, themselves āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­ৃāϤি āĻšāϞ Reflexive pronoun.

āύিāϚেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϟি āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•āϰি:
He killed himself.
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে ‘himself’ āĻāĻ•āϟা Pronoun, āϝাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে Subject ( He) āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āφāĻ›ে, āĻāĻŦং Subject (He) āϝে āĻ•াāϜ ( kill) āĻ•āϰে āϏেāϟা āϤাāϰ āύিāϜেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĢিāϰে āϝা⧟, āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āϏে (He) āύিāϜেāχ āύিāϜেāĻ•ে āĻ–ুāύ (Kill) āĻ•āϰে । āϤাāĻšāϞে ‘himself’ āĻšāϞ Reflexive Pronoun.

āĻāĻŽāύিāĻ­াāĻŦে……
She hurt herself. (āϏে āύিāϜেāχ āύিāϜেāĻ•ে āφāϘাāϤ āĻ•āϰāϞো)
They killed themselves. ( āϤাāϰা āύিāϜেāϰা āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻšāϤ্āϝা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞ)
I fan myself. ( āφāĻŽি āύিāϜে āύিāϜেāĻ•ে āĻŦাāϤাāϏ āĻ•āϰāϞাāĻŽ)
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āϝāĻĨাāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে herself, themselves, myself āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে Reflexive Pronou

Rules-11> āĻ•āϰ্āϤা āĻ“ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽ āĻāĻ• āĻšāϞে Reflexive Pronoun āĻšā§Ÿ ।
Example: I enjoyed the play myself.

Rules-12➤āĻ•āϰ্āϤা āĻ•াāϰো āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ›া⧜া āύিāϜেāχ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে , āχāĻšা āϜোāϰ āĻĻে⧟াāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ Emphatic Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ।
āĻāĻ—ুāϞো Subject āĻŦা Object- āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে ।
Example:I myself saw him.

Rules-13➤ āĻ•āϰ্āϤা āĻāĻ•াāχ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে, āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϤে Reflexive Pronoun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে by āĻŦāϏে ।
Example:Tanjila did the work by herself.

Rules-14➤āĻ•িāĻ›ু Verb āϝেāĻŽāύ- avail,absent,exert,pride āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি Reflexive Pronoun-āĻ•ে object āϰূāĻĒে āĻ—্āϰāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰে ।
Example:They should avail thenselves of the golden offer.

✔5.Indefinite Pronoun
Indefinite āĻŽাāύে āĻšāϞ āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ । āϝে āϏāĻŦ Pronoun āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•োāύ noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻ•ে Indefinite pronoun āĻŦāϞে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ- Some, None, Any, Many, One etc.
Some are playing football.
(Some āĻŽাāύে āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āϜāύ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•āϤāϜāύ āϤা āĻŦোāĻা āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা । āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ । āϤাāχ Some āĻšāϞ Indefinite Pronoun)
Many can do this.
(Many āĻŽাāύে āĻ…āύেāĻ•āϜāύ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•āϤāϜāύ āϤা āĻŦোāĻা āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা । āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ । āϤাāχ Many āĻšāϞ Indefinite Pronoun)
Any of them will be selected.
(Any āĻŽাāύে āϝে āĻ•েāĻ“, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏেāϟা āĻ•ে, āϤা āĻŦোāĻা āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা । āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ । āϤাāχ Any āĻšāϞ Indefinite Pronoun)
One should do one’s duty. (āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•েāϰ āωāϚিāϤ āϤাāϰ āύিāϜেāϰ āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĒাāϞāύ āĻ•āϰা । One āĻŽাāύে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•ে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•েāω āύ⧟ । āϤাāĻšāϞে One āĻšāϞ Indefinite pronoun)
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ Sentence āĻ—ুāϞিāϤে Some, Many, Any, One āĻšāϞ Indefinite Pronoun. āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻāĻ—ুāϞো āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•াāωāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা, āĻŦāϰং āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•োāύ Pronoun āĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāϚ্āĻ›ে

āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•āϰি—
One āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•োāύ Sentence āĻ possessive case one’s āĻšā§Ÿ ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ-
One should not waste one’s time.
One Should respect one’s parents.
āĻ•িāύ্āϤু —–
One of + plural noun—āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে possessive case āĻ one’s āύা āĻšā§Ÿে his/her āĻšā§Ÿ ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ-
Incorrect: One of my friends has done one’s/their duty.
Correct: One of my friends has done his/her duty.

Incorrect: One of the students has completed one’s/their homework.
Correct: One of the students has completed his/her homework.

āφāϰāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻŦিāώ⧟ āĻŽাāĻĨা⧟ āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, One of āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ noun āĻāϰ plural form āĻŦāϏে, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু singular verb āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ-
Incorrect: One of my friend is a lawyer./ One of my friends are lawyer.
Correct: One of my friends is a lawyer.

Incorrect: One of the boy has done it./ One of the boys have done it.
Correct: One of the boys has done it.

Incorrect: Runa is one of my sister.
Correct: Runa is one of my sisters.

Ruse-14➤āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāϤে Indefinite Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰি।
Example:One should do one's duty.

✔6.Distributive Pronoun.
‘Distribute’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞ āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āĻŦা āĻŦিāϤāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻে⧟া ।
Distributive Pronoun āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—ুāϞো noun āĻŦা pronoun āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻ•āϟি noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻ•ে āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦোāĻা⧟ । Each, None, Either, Neither āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­ৃāϤি āĻšāϞ Distributive Pronoun .
āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে Distributive Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞো Singular āĻšā§Ÿ ।
āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāύ-
Incorrect: Each of the students are meritorious.
Correct: Each of the students is meritorious.

( āϊāĻĒāϰেāϰ sentence āĻ Each āĻšāϞ Distributive pronoun. āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—ুāϞো Students āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ•ে āφāϞাāĻĻা āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦোāĻাāϚ্āĻ›ে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•াāϰāύে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāϏেāĻ›ে । )
Incorrect: Either of the two boys have played well.
Correct: Either of the two boys has played well.

( āϊāĻĒāϰেāϰ sentence āĻ Either āĻšāϞ Distributive pronoun. āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻĻুāϜāύ boys āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ•ে āφāϞাāĻĻা āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦোāĻাāϚ্āĻ›ে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•াāϰāύে singular verb ‘has’ āĻŦāϏেāĻ›ে । )
Incorrect: None of the snakes are poisonous.
Correct: None of the snakes is poisonous.

( āϊāĻĒāϰেāϰ sentence āĻ None āĻšāϞ Distributive pronoun. āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—ুāϞো Snakes āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ•ে āφāϞাāĻĻা āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦোāĻাāϚ্āĻ›ে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•াāϰāύে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāϏেāĻ›ে । )
Incorrect: He had two computers. Neither are good.
Correct: He had two computers. Neither is good.

( āϊāĻĒāϰেāϰ sentence āĻ Neither āĻšāϞ Distributive pronoun. āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻĻুāχāϟা Computers āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ•ে āφāϞাāĻĻা āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦোāĻাāϚ্āĻ›ে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•াāϰāύে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāϏেāĻ›ে।)

✔7.Relative Pronoun
āϝে āϏāĻŦ Pronoun āĻĻুāϟো āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•ে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦা āĻĻুāϟো āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে relation āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—েāϰ āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Relative pronoun āĻŦāϞে । who, which, what, that āĻšāϞ relative pronoun.
I saw the boy. The boy was crying.
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϟাāĻ•ে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āύিāϚেāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āϰে āϞেāĻ–া āϝা⧟ ।
I saw the boy who was crying.
āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে who āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে relative pronoun. āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻāϟা ( who) āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—েāϰ noun (boy) āϟাāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং I saw the boy āĻāĻŦং The boy was crying, āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻĻুāϟো āĻ•ে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে ।
She bought a camera. The camera was beautiful.
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϟাāĻ•ে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āύিāϚেāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āϰে āϞেāĻ–া āϝা⧟ ।
She bought a camera which was beautiful.
āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে which āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে relative pronoun. āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻāϟা ( which) āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—েāϰ noun (camera) āϟাāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং She bought a camera āĻāĻŦং The camera was beautiful, āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻĻুāϟো āĻ•ে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে ।
I know the matter. The matter was secret.
āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϟাāĻ•ে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āύিāϚেāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āϰে āϞেāĻ–া āϝা⧟ ।

I know the matter what was secret.
āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে what āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে relative pronoun. āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻāϟা ( what) āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—েāϰ noun (matter) āϟাāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং I know the matter āĻāĻŦং The matter was secret, āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻĻুāϟো āĻ•ে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে ।

Who āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ —–
Who āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে ।
I knew the man. The man died yesterday.
Relative pronoun ‘who’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒাāχ–
I knew the man who died yesterday.
She respects the man. The man is very honest.
Relative pronoun ‘who’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒাāχ–
She respects the man who is very honest.

Which āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ —–
Which āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰাāύী , āϜ⧜ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু , āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻļুāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে ।
We bought a cow. The cow was red.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒাāχ–
We bought a cow which was red.
He killed a snake. The snake was very poisonous.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒাāχ–
He killed a snake which was very poisonous.
I lost my mobile phone. The mobile phone was very costly.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒাāχ–
I lost my mobile phone which was very costly.

What āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ —–
What āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāώ⧟ āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে।
I knew the matter. The matter was secret.
Relative pronoun ‘what’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒাāχ–
I knew the matter what was secret.

That āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ —–
That āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ•ে āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে ।
I bought a table. It is very costly.
Relative pronoun ‘that’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒাāχ—
I bought a table that is very costly.

✔8.Reciprocal Pronoun
‘Reciprocal’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞ ‘āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰ āĻ•্āϰি⧟াāĻļীāϞ’ । āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•ে āĻ…āύ্āϝāϜāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĒাāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰিāĻ• āĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻ•ে Reciprocal Pronoun āĻŦāϞে ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ-
They two friends love each other. ( āĻĻুāχ āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āφāϰেāĻ•āϜāύāĻ•ে āĻ­াāϞāĻŦাāϏে )

āϊāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϟিāϤে āĻĻুāϜāύ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϝাāϰা āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āφāϰেāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ•ে āĻ­াāϞāĻŦাāϏে । āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āϤাāϰা āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰ āĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻļীāϞ । āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦāϞা āϝা⧟ āϝে āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে each other āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟি Reciprocal Pronoun .
āφāĻŦাāϰ ……………….
The five members of the family love one another.
( āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ ā§Ģ āϜāύ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āφāϰেāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ•ে āĻ­াāϞāĻŦাāϏে )
āϊāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϟিāϤে ā§Ģ āϜāύ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϝাāϰা āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āφāϰেāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ•ে āĻ­াāϞāĻŦাāϏে । āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āϤাāϰা āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰ āĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻļীāϞ । āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦāϞা āϝা⧟ āϝে āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে One another āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟি Reciprocal Pronoun .

āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে —–
āĻĻুāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒাāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰিāĻ• āĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻŦোāĻাāϤে – Each other
āĻĻুāχ āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒাāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰিāĻ• āĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻŦোāĻাāϤে – One another
Incorrect: The two boys always help one another.
Correct: The two boys always help each other.
(āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āĻĻুāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦোāĻাāϚ্āĻ›ে āϤাāχ each other.)
Incorrect: The seven leaders of the party respect each other.
Correct: The seven leaders of the party respect One another.
(āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āϏাāϤāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦোāĻাāϚ্āĻ›ে āϤাāχ one another.)

Pronoun References
:
EXERCISE ON PRONOUN REFERENCES

1. Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all the pronoun references are clear: (1x5=5)

⇨At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else. This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your assignment.

Answer: At the Writing Centre, one can receive help on any writing assignment. It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else. The discussions will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. This understanding is an important part of the writing process, and the tutors spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using the Writing Centre will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your assignment.




Thursday, November 25, 2021

Connector āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏāĻšāϜ āωāĻĒা⧟ :

 Connector āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?


Answer: āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϏংāϝোāĻ—āĻ•াāϰী āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāϚ্āĻ›āĻ•ে Connector āĻŦāϞে। āϤāĻŦে āϏিāϞেāĻŦাāϏে āĻļুāϧু Sentence Connector āĻĨাāĻ•া⧟ āφāĻŽāϰা āĻļুāϧু āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϏংāϝোāĻ—āĻ•াāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āύি⧟েāχ āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāĻŦ। Conjunction, Adverb, Adverbial Phrase āĻ•াāύেāĻ•্āϟāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে। 


 

⇨Conjunction as Connectors: As, since, because, if, so that, etc.

Adverb: normally, surely, also, of course, etc

⇨Adverbial Phrase: the contrary, on the other hand, etc



Conjunction āĻ•োāĻĨা⧟ āĻšāĻŦে?

Answer : āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻুāϟি clause āĻāϰ āĻŽাāĻে āĻŦা āĻļুāϰুāϤেāχ sentence connectors āĻŦāϏে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āĻ—্āϝাāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻ•āĻŽা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏেāĻ–াāύে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ Adverb āĻŦāϏে। āĻāĻ›া⧜াāĻ“, subject āĻāϰ verb āĻāϰ āĻŽাāĻে adverb āĻŦāϏে। āĻāχ adverb āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে adverbial phrase āĻ“ āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻ•āĻ–āύো।




āύিāϚে āĻ•িāĻ›ু Connector āĻĻে⧟া āĻšāϞো āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϟি āωāϤ্āϤāϰে āĻŦāϏāĻŦে।


āϜো⧜ Connectors :

1➤Both - And

Tuesday, November 23, 2021

Monday, November 15, 2021

Time table

Time table

Time table

day 07:30-08:00 08:00-08:30 08:30-09:00 09:00-09:30 09:30-10:00
Saturday Exam
Sunday Bangla 1st Ict English 1st Economic 1st History 1st
Monday Bangla 1st Ict English 1st Economic 1st History 1st
Tuesday Bangla 1st Ict English 1st Economic 1st History 1st
Wednesday Bangla 2nd Ict English Civics 2nd Geography 2nd
Tuesday Bangla 2nd Ict English 2nd Civics 2nd Geography 2nd

Sunday, November 14, 2021

Saturday, November 13, 2021

Friday, November 12, 2021

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